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		<issn>0167-8809</issn>
		<citationkey>NeeffLucSanBroFre:2006:EmEs</citationkey>
		<title>Area and age of secondary forests in Brazilian Amazonia 1978-2002: an empirical estimate</title>
		<project>Sensoriamento Remoto Aplicado à Ecossistemas Terrestres</project>
		<year>2006</year>
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		<author>Neeff, Till,</author>
		<author>Lucas, Richard M.,</author>
		<author>Santos, João Roberto dos,</author>
		<author>Brondizio, Eduardo S.,</author>
		<author>Freitas, Corina Costa,</author>
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		<affiliation>Biometry Department, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Breisgau, Germany</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DB, Wales, UK;</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Wales, UK</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change (ACT), Indiana University, Student Building 331, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change (ACT), Indiana University, Bloomington, USA</affiliation>
		<journal>Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment</journal>
		<volume>9</volume>
		<pages>DOI: 10.1007/s10021-006-0001-9</pages>
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		<keywords>SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO APLICADO À ECOSSISTEMAS TERRESTRES, Amazônia (Região), uso da terra, floresta, area-age distribution, forest, age, land-use model, secondary forest, succession.</keywords>
		<abstract>In quantifying the carbon budget of the Amazon region, temporal estimates of the extent and age of regenerating tropical forests are fundamental. However, retrieving such information from remote- sensing data is difficult, largely because of spectral similarities between different successional stages and variations in the reflectance of forests following different pathways of regeneration. In this study, secondary-forest dynamics in Brazilian Amazonia were modeled for the 19782002 period to determine area and age on a grid basis. We modeled the area, age, and age class distribution of secondary forests using empirical relationships with the percentage of remaining primary forest, as determined from large-area remote-sensing campaigns (the Pathfinder and Prodes projects). The statistical models were calibrated using detailed maps of secondary-forest age generated for seven sites in the Brazilian Legal Amazon. The areaage distribution was then specified from mean age by a distribution assumption. Over the period 19782002, secondary-forest area was shown to have increased from 29,000 to 161,000 km2 (that is, by a factor of 5). The mean age increased from 4.4 to 4.8 years. We generated a time series of secondary-forest area fractions and successional stages that provides wall-to-wall coverage of the Brazilian Amazon at a spatial resolution of 0.1 decimal degrees (approximately 11 km). Validation against reference data yielded root mean squared errors of 8% of the total area for estimate of secondary-forest area and 2.4 years for mean secondary-forest age. Using this approach, we provide the first published update on the state of secondary forests in Amazonia since the early 1990s and a time series of secondary-forest area over the 25-year period.</abstract>
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		<language>en</language>
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